Between 2002-2011 there were a real politic struggle for Turkey's fate. Someone call this term as a "civil war" in political means. Turkey was divided in two hostile camps; kemalists and islamists. we will discuss this fight and try to figure out difference between first and second republic.
After the WorldWar 1, imperialist power did not want any sovereign state. Thay had already maked plans about sharing Ottoman Empire territory. This plan had failed because of Turkish Independence War against them.
There was an other historical event that help Turkish fight: The Great October Revolution in Russia. After the Revolution, Bolsheviks try to help Anatolian authoroties to defeat occupation forces. Soviets sent guns, military uniforms and some General's of Red Army, like Frunze and Voroshilov.
Anatolian authority increased his power from 1920 to 1923 rapidly and "Republic of Turkey" declared his independence. I suggest to call this as "First Republic". Because after 2011 elections, there is a new kind of republic, a conservative one.
How could us define First Republic's characteristics?
Despite close Soviet support to First Republic, it was become an organic part of imperialist-capitalist system. So its independency, secularism, statism etc. was only a suppose. But ıt had to assert it to govern country.
With struggle of working class and revolutionary movement, social and political rights became wider. Turkey was a secular, nearly statist, independence and modenrist state.
Turkish modernism was not enough to defeat islamist reactionist movement but it was restricted political islams political claims.
Turkish independence was became mutilated with NATO membership but it should talk "as an independent state..."
Turkish statism was a part of create a new capitalist class but it provided some social rights to whole peoples struggle against capitalist hegomony.
Turkish juctice system was terrible for communists but you could advocate yourself against suspects with universial law standarts.
***
In 2002, Justice and Development Party (AKP) won the election and transformation of Turkey has started rapidly(to see Turkish islamist movement please read a very short history of political islam in Turkey: 1923-2011).
During this term, AKP and its allies was supported by US imperialism. Because they decided to transform Turkey as a moderated islam country which has a great muslim majority.
Kemalists try to save tha "old" Frist Republic but to secure it they must try to exceed it. They had never thought this and defeated because of supporting bad status quo.
Now, there is a new kind of republic which i call "Second Republic". Indeed the concept of Second Republic was used by liberals in 1980's. Bu had not a reality until AKP power.
Second Republic no longer a sovereign and secular state. Religion has a great realm in the social life and public sphere. Being independence condemns as anachronism or terrorism.
Kemalist policy of "Peace at Home, Peace in the World" give way to new-Ottomanism and its expanding policies in the Middle East and Northern Africa especially.
Right to a fair trial forgotten with Ergenekon and Sledgehammer trials. Opposites of AKP were in jailed to organize a terror organization against "public sovereignity". But most of suspects were believe in different ideological approaches. Some of them were revolutionists but some others were counter-revolutionists who tortured them before.
They call this as "further democracy"... But its only the Second Republic.
No comments:
Post a Comment